Combustion Calibration Engineering

Every fuel is different. Every site is different. Your calibration should be too.

We build calibration software and adaptive control systems that optimize combustion equipment around its actual fuel chemistry and site atmosphere — not the broad factory compromise it shipped with.

Get a Free Fuel-Data Review Why It Pays
Industrial Tuning & Optimization

Industrial tuning & optimization. Every flame in the plant, dialed.

Boilers, process heaters, kilns, engines and compressors — excess air trimmed, stoichiometry matched to the real fuel, closed-loop O₂ holding the optimum. Documented results run 2–5% of the fuel bill.

Boilers & Process Heat All Industries
Natural Gas Turbines

Can't buy a turbine until 2031? Recover the one you own.

Manufacturer backlogs top 100 GW and replacement capacity costs ~$3,000/kW. One point of efficiency is found megawatts — and the same calibration discipline slows hot-section wear, prevents trips and pushes out inspections.

Turbine Calibration The Supercycle Brief
Software, Not Hardware

The exhaust tells the truth. Our code listens.

Composition-aware feed-forward, closed-loop O₂ and emissions trim, every revision validated against baseline and documented in plain engineering language. No black boxes.

The Science Our Approach

0.5–1.5 pts

Typical absolute electrical-efficiency gain from site-specific calibration on raw well gas

1.5–5%

Reduction in fuel energy consumed per generated kWh

2–5%

Documented fuel savings from excess-air optimization on industrial boilers

24/7

Continuous-duty assets where every fraction of a point compounds over thousands of operating hours

Why We Exist

We recover megawatts you already own

Every gas-fired machine ships with a calibration written for a fleet — conservative everywhere, optimal nowhere. Ours is a simple business: we find the performance that compromise left behind, and we hand it back with the data to prove it.

THE MARKET

Capacity is unbuyable

Large-frame turbines are sold out into 2031 and new capacity runs ~$3,000/kW. Power demand is setting records. There is no fast way to buy megawatts — only fast ways to recover them.

YOUR FLEET

Your machines are hiding output

Fleet-average calibrations, stale ambient corrections, static derates for worst-case fuel, unmanaged degradation — each one quietly converts capability you paid for into margin nobody uses.

OUR WORK

Software gets it back

We characterize your fuel and site, recalibrate against the machine's real limits, and validate against baseline with full data logs. The same discipline cuts trips, hot-section wear and inspection frequency — efficiency and repair avoidance from one program.

YOUR RISK

None to start

The first step is a free fuel-data review: send a gas analysis and a month of operating data, and we'll tell you what's recoverable — with the reasoning shown. The findings are yours either way.

The Science

Thermally calibrated stoichiometry

Strip the jargon away and the entire discipline is one sentence: measure the fuel and the air the machine is actually getting, and control the burn for those conditions — not the average conditions it was shipped for. Everything below is just the instrumentation, the math and the code that make that sentence true.

AFRstoich · φ · λ

Stoichiometry — the right amount of air

Every fuel needs an exact quantity of air to burn completely. Too little and you waste fuel out the exhaust; too much and you heat air for nothing. Pure methane wants about 17.2:1 by mass — but ethane, propane, CO₂ and H₂S in real gas all move that number. Lambda (λ) is simply "how far from perfect" the mixture is, and it defines the safe window between misfire on the lean side and knock or NOx on the rich side. We compute it for the gas you actually burn.

WI = HHV / √SG

Wobbe Index — energy through a nozzle

Two different gases flowing through the same orifice can deliver different amounts of energy. The Wobbe Index predicts exactly how much — which means when the gas supply drifts, the machine silently re-tunes itself without anyone touching a control. A Wobbe swing from 48 to 54 MJ/m³ pushes a lean-burn engine from λ 2.0 to 1.78: hotter, dirtier, closer to knock. We correct for it before the flame notices.

MN 0–100+

Methane Number — octane for gas

Methane number tells you how hard you can push a fuel before it fights back. It works like octane: methane scores 100, hydrogen 0, and heavier hydrocarbons drag the score down. High-compression engines want MN ≥ 80; real field gas often can't deliver it. Below the design number the machine must knock, retard timing, or derate — unless the calibration was built for the actual fuel from the start.

ρ = P / RT

Air Density — the atmosphere sets the menu

Cold air simply contains more oxygen than hot air. Altitude thins it, humidity displaces it. The machine can only burn the air the atmosphere actually delivers — so a −30 °C prairie morning and a +30 °C afternoon are two different machines, tens of kilowatts apart. We calibrate to the measured seasonal envelope, not a one-size correction curve.

O₂ · NOx · CO feedback

Closed Loop — the exhaust tells the truth

Whatever the intent was, the exhaust reports what actually happened. Stack O₂ says how much excess air went through. CO says where the flame went too lean or ran out of time. NOx says where it ran too hot. Feed-forward from gas data sets the operating point; feedback from the exhaust holds it there while fuel, load and weather drift.

min kWhfuel / kWhout

Limits — close, never past

Every machine has real limits — temperature, speed, surge, knock, emissions — and factory calibrations park a long way from all of them, everywhere, forever. Site calibration measures where the limits actually are for your fuel and your climate, and operates confidently close to them. Inside that space, one objective: minimum fuel per unit of useful output.

The Problem

Broad tolerance is not optimization

Modern fuel-flexible equipment is engineered to safely accept an enormous range of gases and environments — heating values spanning 7:1, high CO₂, sour gas, altitude, temperature extremes. That flexibility is exactly what makes a universal factory calibration a compromise at every single site.

Factory Calibration

  • Must survive the entire specified fuel range simultaneously
  • Conservative temperature, fuel and load limits everywhere
  • Fixed elevation and weather corrections
  • Unnecessary derating on challenging gas streams
  • Efficiency left on the table at every operating point

Site-Specific Calibration

  • Optimized around the fuel actually being burned
  • Real measured atmospheric envelope, season to season
  • Additional load released when margins prove it safe
  • Lowest achievable heat rate at every available load
  • Adaptive — recalibrates as gas composition drifts
Our Approach

Characterize. Model. Calibrate. Verify.

This is a software and controls discipline built on combustion science — not a parts business. We deliver calibration code, control strategy and documented, measurable results.

01 / CHARACTERIZE

Fuel & Site Survey

Gas composition analysis, LHV/HHV, Wobbe Index, methane number, stoichiometric AFR, molecular weight, plus the site's real inlet-temperature, pressure and humidity envelope.

02 / MODEL

Combustion Model

Fuel curves, equivalence-ratio targets, expected adiabatic flame temperature and mass-flow requirements computed for the actual gas — across the full seasonal atmosphere.

03 / CALIBRATE

Control Strategy & Code

Fuel-flow, combustion-temperature and load strategies written and tuned against every hard limit: temperature, speed, surge margin, knock margin, stability, emissions, capacity.

04 / VERIFY

Closed-Loop Validation

Controlled testing against baseline. Exhaust O₂ and emissions feedback hold the calibration on target, with full data logging and a documented efficiency delta.

fuel composition × Wobbe / LHV × inlet temp × baro pressure × humidity × requested load → optimum fuel mass flow → equivalence ratio → combustion temp → output
Industries

One science. Every flame.

Anywhere a gaseous fuel is burned for power or heat, the same stoichiometric and thermodynamic principles decide how much of that fuel becomes useful output. Each industry page below goes deep on the specific combustion problems and what site calibration recovers.

Core Practice

Natural Gas Turbines

Turbine calibration is the center of our practice — and the timing has never mattered more. Manufacturer backlogs exceed 100 GW, large-frame lead times run 4–7 years, and new capacity costs ~$3,000/kW. When you cannot buy a turbine, efficiency recovered from installed machines is the cheapest capacity on earth. And because firing temperature, combustion dynamics and trips drive the maintenance clock, the same calibration preserves hot-section life and pushes out inspections — repair avoidance in a market where parts and outage slots are as backlogged as the machines. We calibrate simple-cycle, combined-cycle, aeroderivative and wellhead-class turbines around their actual fuel, site atmosphere and duty cycle.

Turbine calibration practice →   The Turbine Supercycle market brief →

GE Vernova backlog116 GW → 2031
Siemens Energy backlog69 GW
Large-frame lead time4–7 years
New turbine pricing~$3,000/kW
US gas buildout to 2030 (EIA)66 GW, 3× prior
The Economics

One point of efficiency is 3% of your fuel

A single percentage point — 32% to 33% electrical efficiency — looks small on paper. It is approximately a 3% reduction in fuel energy consumed for every kWh generated.

On continuous-duty equipment running thousands of hours per year, that difference compounds into a substantial fuel, emissions and output number. And where the fuel is a finite well or flare stream, higher efficiency means more sellable energy extracted from every cubic foot before the resource declines.

@ 32% efficiency3.125 kWh fuel / kWhe
@ 33% efficiency3.030 kWh fuel / kWhe
fuel saved per kWh≈ 3.0%
About Thermal Synergy

Calibration engineers, first and always

Thermal Synergy was built on more than a decade of professional combustion-calibration work: characterizing fuels, mapping fuel and ignition curves, dialing equivalence ratios, and refining closed-loop control strategies across thousands of individual calibrations on high-precision engine-management platforms.

That discipline — measure the fuel, measure the air, model the burn, write the code, verify with data — transfers directly to industrial combustion. The machines are larger and the fuels are rawer, but the physics is identical: stoichiometry, air density, flame temperature, and thermal limits decide efficiency.

We are a software and controls firm. We don't sell burners, turbines or engines — we make the ones you already own burn their fuel properly.

Meet the principal — two decades of calibration, verified to −44 °C →

What we deliver

  • Full fuel characterization and site atmospheric survey
  • Combustion models and fuel-curve development for your actual gas
  • Calibration code and adaptive control strategy
  • Closed-loop O₂ / emissions feedback integration
  • Baseline-vs-optimized validation with complete data logs
  • Plain-language engineering reports — no black boxes
Contact

Start with a free fuel-data review

Send a gas analysis and a month of operating data — wellhead generator, turbine fleet, CHP plant or process line. We'll tell you what's recoverable, show the reasoning, and put a number on it. The findings are yours either way; no black boxes, no obligation.

Schedule an Introductory Call

info@thermalsynergy.com